Device Architecture Engineering: Progress toward Next Generation Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Over the past decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have quickly established themselves as a promising technology boasting both high efficiency and low processing costs. The rapid development and success of PSCs is a product of substantial research effort addressing compositional engineering, thin film fabrication, surface passivation, and interfacial treatments. Recently, engineering of device architecture has entered a renaissance with the emergence of several new bulk and graded heterojunction structures. These structures promote a lateral approach to the development of single-junction PSCs affording new opportunities in light management, defect passivation, carrier extraction, and long-term stability. Following a short overview of the historic evolution of PSC architectures, a detailed discussion of the promising progress of the recently reported perovskite bulk heterojunction and graded heterojunction approaches are offered. To enable better understanding of these novel architectures, a range of approaches to characterizing the architectures are presented. Finally, an outlook and perspective are provided offering insights into the future development of PSC architecture engineering.