Chikungunya: vision of the pain clinician

Abstract

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chikungunya is a viral disease of tropical distribution which affects individuals in different countries of the world and is associated to variable clinical presentations, characterized by the existence of two phases: acute and chronic. The acute phase is short-lasting with nonspecific symptoms. The chronic phase is marked by persistent pain, impairing patients' quality of life. This study aimed at discussing Chikungunya, from the pain clinician point of view, paying attention to its epidemiological, pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, especially with regard to pain management. CONTENTS: Chikyngunya's pathophysiology is poorly understood and involves predominantly peripheral mechanisms. It is diagnosed by observation of suggestive clinical presentation associated to specific laboratory exams. Management of patients with confirmed diagnosis involves common analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, in addition to steroids, antidepressants and anticonvulsants for refractory cases. Patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease seem to benefit from methotrexate. CONCLUSION: Chikungunya is a complex and still poorly understood entity. There are different therapeutic schemes to treat pain associated to it, however 40% of patients evolve with chronic pain and impairment of quality of life.