Assessing Lead Removal from Contaminated Water Using Solid Biomaterials: Charcoal, Coffee, Tea, Fishbone, and Caffeine

Abstract

Previous research has documented that solid biomaterials such as charcoal or waste coffee and tea have been used to remove heavy metals from contaminated aq. solns. through adsorption. However, these studies used very low heavy metal concns. between 10 to 100 ppm. Recently published research work reported that exts. of edible plants and fruits were able to effectively remove lead from contaminated aq. soln. This paper evaluates the ability of charcoal, unbrewed coffee and tea, fishbone, and caffeine to remove lead from contaminated aq. solu-tions. The order of lead removal from 1300 ppm of lead soln. is Charcoal (100%) > Tea (97%) > Coffee Ground (88%) > Instant Coffee (83.5%) > Coffee Bean (82%) > Fishbone (76%) > Caffeine (1.3%). These results clearly demonstrate that not all solid biomaterials can adsorb lead and that caffeine, a component of coffee and tea does not participate in the removal of lead from contaminated solns. Furthermore, the results suggest that two possible processes may be involved in the reactions presented here: adsorption of lead by the solid substrates and pptn. of lead by the solubilized biochem. components of the substrates. [on SciFinder(R)]