A critical review on the two-stage biohythane production and its viability as a renewable fuel

Abstract

With over 130 countries signing the net-zero coalition treaty to reduce the global warming, the interest to replace fossil-fuels is constantly increasing. Also, there exists an increased concern to reduce the pollution load from waste biomass. Though the socio-economic benefits of biomethane production from these wastes have been an enticing study of the recent past, a sequential biohydrogen and biomethane production is said to offer more in terms of operational stability, energy yield, and cleaner by-products. This review thus tries to provide insights to have a better understanding on the process of biohydrogen production and subsequent biomethane production and the challenges associated with upscaling. With over 40% reduction in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions, the viability of Hythane as a clean and renewable fuel are also discussed.