Determination of bisphenol A in different types of soft drink samples by MSPE-GC/MS technique and contribution to risk assessment

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used in the production of plastics (polycarbonate) that can pose risks to human health. This research aimed to evaluate contents of BPA in soft drink samples (samples packaged in different containers and different volumes) by MSPEGC/MS (Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) technique. Moreover, health risks of human were assessed for Iranian consumers by MCS method. Our results revealed, the average level of BPA in all samples was 1.83 ± 1.16 ppb (ranging from 0.45 to 5.10 ppb). BPA levels differed significantly among the samples depending on the type of packaging and pH level (P < 0.05). Also, the highest and lowest average levels of BPA in different soft drinks of different flavours/tastes were in cola soft drink samples (2.53 ppb) and energy drink samples (0.85 ppb), respectively. Furthermore, the highest and lowest average levels of BPA in soft drinks with different volumes were observed in 1500 cc soft drink samples (2.87 ppb) and 500 mL soft drink samples (0.9 ppb), respectively. The results of the MCS (Monte Carlo Simulation) indicated the 95th percentile for the THQ (Target Hazard Quotient) of BPA in soft drink samples was 9.61E + 1 for adults and 1.37E + 2 for children (6 years) (THQ > 1). Overall, these results imply that exposure to BPA could represent a potential health risk for individuals who frequently consume soft drinks packaged in PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) or cans, especially for children.