Diaphragmatic hernias: classifications and spectrum of presentations in computed tomography, magnetic resonance and plain radiography

Abstract

Diaphragmatic hernias represent a frequent pathology in radiological practice. A congenital or acquired defect in the diaphragm facilitates the passage of abdominal structures into the thoracic cavity. Their clinical relevance varies widely from benign and incidental findings (mostly), to potentially life threatening. The objective of this work is to review the range of findings in computed tomography of diaphragmatic defects in adult patients, categorized according to location and origin, as well as their possible complications. We include a brief description of the embryological development and normal anatomy of the diaphragm, to understand this entity.