Management of Nonurological Pelvic Tumors Infiltrating the Lower Urinary Tract

Abstract

Locally advanced tumors, originating from organs and structures of the pelvis and the pelvic floor may compromise the lower urinary tract. The aim of this review is to display the diagnosis and treatment of the most common malignancies infiltrating the lower urinary tract. A review was performed of the literature in PubMed over the last two decades. The most common nonurological pelvic tumors infiltrating the lower urinary tract are colorectal cancer, gynecological tumors, and sarcomas. For diagnosis, multiple non-invasive and invasive options are available and their use is partially tumor-specific. If infiltration to adjacent structures is given, en bloc resection should be performed to achieve clear margins. However, despite oncological considerations a bladder-sparing resection is often possible. Neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy approaches are also tumor-specific. The overall 3-year survival rate is about 40 %. Nonurological tumors that infiltrate the lower urinary tract should be given multidisciplinary treatment. The patient’s personal decision regarding acceptance of the surgical extent with possibly persistent disability should be considered.