Two ways of hydrogen peroxide formation in the oxidative inactivation of cyanobacterial glutamine synthetase

Abstract

Using crude extracts from the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis glutamine synthetase (GS) activity was rapidly irreversibly reduced to about 60% during dark incubation ('spontaneous GS inactivation'). An additional decrease was observed by the addition of ammonia in the light ('ammonia-mediated inactivation'). Both effects were prevented by EDTA, MnCl2 or catalase indicative of the involvement of H2O2. This is a key intermediate in oxidative enzyme inactivation. In both spontaneous and ammonia-mediated GS inactivation H2O2 is produced in different ways. Spontaneous inactivation is prevented by depletion of reduced pyridine nucleotides which apparently donate electrons to produce H2O2. Fractionation of the crude extract showed that the light-enhanced GS inactivation by ammonia required the presence of thylakoid membranes. The photosynthesis inhibitor DCMU decreased GS inactivation by ammonia. For the inactivation in the light apparently H2O2 is produced from superoxide during photosynthetic electron transport.