The 2030 agenda: And Brazil s commitment to the protection of cultural heritage and the fight against illicit trafficking in cultural goods

Abstract

Culture is one of the transversal themes that integrates the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the 169 measures contained in the UN 2030 Agenda. From this UN instrument, it is inferred that there is a relationship between the protection of cultural heritage assets and the fight against the illicit trafficking of these objects, in addition to other offenses associated with transnational crime, in particular money laundering arising from trafficking in drugs and weapons. Behind the criminal actions of the international trafficking of cultural goods are illegal trade networks, considered by experts in the field as one of the main sources of financing for armed groups around the world, among which groups with the character of mafia, militia and terrorist. The actions of the UN 2030 Agenda participate States, international institutions and international non-governmental organizations. So, in this article, we seek to analyze the role of Brazil in the commitment established with culture as of 2015, according to the 17 SDGs and 169 measures of the 2030 Agenda. In particular, the purpose of this article is that of understanding what measures to maintain or if there was any break with the pact assumed by the country, the possible consequences for reaching the final goals in 2030. This is a qualitative, bibliographical and documentary research, supported by deductive reasoning, from legal-Theoretical referential sources. In the present study, some primary sources contained in the UN instrument are analyzed. The article is divided into three parts, in which the integration of culture in the themes related to the sustainable development of the 2030 Agenda is presented. It then deals with the fight against the illicit trafficking of cultural goods as a form of protection of cultural heritage, resulting from the inclusion of cultural themes in the 2030 Agenda. And then it analyzes the consequences for Brazil of maintaining or breaking with the agreement assumed by the country with the UN and UNESCO. It is concluded that, with a decade remaining to fulfill the commitment, the current trend in Brazil is contrary to what was agreed in 2015. After the extinction of the Ministry of Culture in 2019, the current Special Secretariat under the Ministry of Tourism has interests nationalist political-ideological and, to some extent, indifferent to the country s integration into regional (Mercosur) and international (UN/UNESCO) international organizations.