Container cargo operation and time study of container cargo movements in the 6D shipping & logistics

Abstract

Cargo liners had steadily improved in their speed and efficiency with the regularity and frequency of services matching the demands of steadily increasing international trade. Further improvements wore, however, hampered by the fact that general cargo came in all shapes and sizes. From massive crates of machinery to drums, bales, and cartons. Over a thousand separate consignments per sailing were not unusual and all these had to best owed by hand. Piece-to-piece cargo is now referred to as break bulk or conventional cargo. Extraordinary skill was needed to ensure that the different consignments did not damage each other and were carried safely even in heavy weather. The time taken in port was such that there was no scope for any economies of scale because larger ships meant even longer in port. The cost of building faster ships would be lost as the time in port could not be improved.