Room-Temperature Solvent Evaporation Induced Crystallization: A General Strategy for Growth of Halide Perovskite Single Crystals by Applying the Le Chatelier's Principle

Abstract

The growth of high-quality halide perovskite single crystals is imperative to study their intrinsic physical properties and to realize high-performance optoelectronic devices. Here, a room-temperature solvent evaporation-induced crystallization (RTSEIC) method is reported based on Le Chatelier's principle, which provides a general strategy to grow halide perovskite single crystals including 3D, 2D, 1D, and 0D, and either hybrid or all-inorganic halide perovskites. Taking 2D n-BA2PbBr4 (n-BA = butylammonium) as an example, the room-temperature crystallization kinetics is demonstrated. The centimeter-sized n-BA2PbBr4 single crystals exhibit an extremely small full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.024° in (0 0 2) plane rocking curve and a small trap density of 2.74 × 1010 cm−3. The superior crystalline quality endows the n-BA2PbBr4 single crystal ultraviolet photodetectors with recorded performance among reported n-BA2PbBr4 ultraviolet photodetectors, demonstrating a detectivity reaching 1.8 × 1013 Jones, a fast response time of 55 µs and a high on-off ratio of 104. The low-cost, simple, general, and efficient RTSEIC method is anticipated to promote the blossoming of halide perovskites single crystals.