Application of shape memory alloys in engineering - A review

Abstract

Shape Memory Alloy is a smart alloy which retains their original shape under thermomechanical or magnetic variation. Shape Memory Alloy are widely used in different engineering field because of its superior properties and variety of application. Recent research of SMA has been applied in the field of Aerospace, Automotive, Biomedical, and Robotics. This memory effect is due to the presence of austenite and martensite crystalline structures. These alloys are bio-compatible, lightweight, and also possess a high force-to-weight ratio. Due to this SMA actuators are very much suitable for soft robotic applications. However, due to high cooling times during phase change, SMA has small bandwidth and low operating frequencies. This alloy can replace a sensor as it performs the same work done by sensors or transducer. An extensive review of history, material characterization, and opportunities of SMA in the engineering field.