Understanding stakeholder perceptions of waste management performance at Universitas Pertamina: An exploratory factor and cluster analysis approach

Abstract

Effective waste management policies are critical for universities seeking to align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and improve their standing in the Times Higher Education (THE) Impact Rankings. This study investigates the performance of waste management policies at Universitas Pertamina by analyzing stakeholder perceptions through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Cluster Analysis. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire distributed through random sampling, yielding 410 valid responses from students, faculty, and administrative staff. Fourteen performance indicators were evaluated using a five-point Likert scale, covering core waste reduction, infrastructure, external engagement, and strategic policies. EFA results revealed four underlying factors explaining 60.03% of the total variance: (1) core waste reduction and monitoring policies, (2) operational waste infrastructure and education, (3) external service and supplier engagement, and (4) strategic food and landfill reduction policies. Cluster Analysis segmented respondents into four groups: Weak Core Policy Adopters (13.41%), Balanced but Moderate Performers (82.93%), External Engagement Champions (0.98%), and Infrastructure Deficient Group (2.68%). ANOVA tests confirmed significant differences across clusters, with occupation as the strongest demographic variable influencing group membership. The findings highlight that while Universitas Pertamina has strengths in plastic minimisation and disposable reduction, critical gaps remain in landfill reduction and infrastructure provision. These results provide actionable insights for policy reform, targeted resource allocation, and stakeholder engagement strategies.