INCIDENCE AND OUTCOME OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT AEROBIC GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA CAUSING VARIOUS CLINICAL INFECTIONS

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to isolate, characterize, and evaluate Gram-negative antibiotic bacteria isolated from different clinical samples. Methods: The Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines were used to isolate and identify microbial isolates on Muller–Hinton agar using standard bacteriological techniques and to monitor for antibiotic susceptibility by disc diffusion method. Results: The study involved 129 clinical samples that were obtained from 70 males and 59 females. A maximum number of cases were recorded in the age group 51–60 (33%) followed by 41–50 (16%). The results showed that the common isolates were Escherichia coli 49 (37%), Klebsiella spp. 37 (28%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 30 (23%), and among 12% microbial isolates, four isolates were Proteus species, seven isolates were Citrobacter species, and two isolates were Providencia species. The most of the isolates were multidrug resistant isolates. However, few isolates showed sensitivity to meropenem and imipenem and most of them were colistin sensitive. Out of 129 isolated microorganisms, 53 isolates were again screened for carbapenemase production through modified Hodge test. It was found that 50 strains were positive for carbapenemase producers (94%) and three strains were negative for carbapenemase production (6%). E. coli and P. aeruginosa followed by Klebsiella species showed carbapenemase production. Among the 50 strains that were positive for the development of carbapenemase, 47 strains were susceptible to colistin that was identified by the “E” strip method and three strains showed resistance to colistin. Conclusion: The study allows clinicians to select the right antimicrobial agent that not only leads to improved treatment but also helps to avoid the emergence of drug resistance strains which are still sensitive.