Survey and Review of Refrigerant Leakage Sources and Solutions in Malaysian Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (RAC) Systems

Abstract

Leakage of refrigerants is one of the most common faults in refrigeration, air conditioning, and Heat Pump (RACHP) systems. Knowledge of leakage sources is critical for minimizing the leakage of high global warming potential refrigerants and the safe application of flammable refrigerants. Data on leak sources causes, and remedies in the Malaysian cooling and refrigeration industry are lacking. This study aims to investigate the potential leak areas that appear during service and maintenance in Malaysia. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted with the participation of 35 stakeholders in the RACHP. The study found that flare fittings and brazing joints are the most observed leak sources in RACHP systems in Malaysia, causing significant refrigerant emissions and energy losses. A desktop study was conducted to identify leakage prevention solutions. This study categorized the solutions into three main pathways: adherence to best practices, strengthening standards of leak testing and prevention protocols, and utilization of alternative joining methods. The application of these prevention solutions will minimize the direct and indirect impacts of refrigerant leakage.