Optimising disaster response: opportunities and challenges with Uncrewed Aircraft System (UAS) technology in response to the 2020 Labour Day wildfires in Oregon, USA

Abstract

Background. The expanding use of Uncrewed Aircraft System (UAS) technology in disaster response shows its immense potential to enhance emergency management. However, there is limited documentation on the challenges and data management procedures related to UAS operation. Aims. This manuscript documents and analyses the operational, technical, political, and social challenges encountered during the deployment of UAS, providing insights into the complexities of using these technologies in disaster situations. Methods. This manuscript documents and analyses the operational, technical, political, and social challenges encountered during the deployment of UAS, providing insights into the complexities of using these technologies in disaster situations. Key results. UAS technology plays a significant role in search and rescue, reconnaissance, mapping, and damage assessment, alongside notable challenges such as extreme flying conditions, data processing difficulties, and airspace authorisation complexities. Conclusions. The study concludes with the need for updated infrastructure standards, streamlined policies, and better coordination between technological advancements and political processes, emphasising the necessity for reform to enhance disaster response capabilities. Implications. The findings of this study inform future guidelines for the effective and safe use of UAS in disaster situations, advocating for a bridge between state-of-the-art UAS research and its practical application in emergency response.