Association Between ACE I/D Gene Polymorphism and Dyslipidemia in Hypertensive Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Complication Among Ethiopian Population

Abstract

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is characterized by lesions in major coronary arteries produced by the atherosclerotic phenomenon. IHD is currently thought to be a complicated disorder, and studies have revealed that, in addition to the usual traditional risk factors, genetic factors also play major roles in its occurrence. Due to the intricate interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors, the link between ACE polymorphisms and other risk variables in IHD is not fully characterized. The purpose of this study was to look at how ACE gene I/D polymorphism and dyslipidemia affect the risk of developing IHD complications in hypertensive patients. Methods: A hospital-based case–control study of 70 hypertensive IHD patients and 70 age- and sex-matched healthy controls was conducted. Clinical parameters were measured to assess the associated risk factors. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from blood samples, and the ACE I/D genotypes were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: Our analysis showed that the ACE-DD genotype (OR = 2.72, 95% CL = 1.11–6.64; P < 0.05) and D allele (OR = 1.93, 95% CL = 1.18–3.13; P < 0.05) are considerably higher in patients than controls. Our study also identified dyslipidemia, which was found to be considerably greater in patients than controls (OR = 4.69, 95% CL = 1.86–11.82; P < 0.001), indicating that it is a major risk factor for the onset and progression of IHD. Conclusion: The ACE I/D gene of the DD genotype and the D allele have been linked to an increased risk of developing hypertensive IHD complications. Moreover, dyslipidemia is a risk factor for the onset of ischemic heart disease. Keywords: angiotensin-converting enzyme, blood pressure, coronary artery disease, genotype, hyperlipidemia