Prospects for creation of radioprotective means based on natural polyphenols and polysaccharides

Abstract

The high level of nuclear radiation threats in the modern world determines the need to find new means of pharma-cological protection of the health of military personnel and civilians from the effects of ionizing radiation. Of par-ticular scientific interest in this aspect are natural polyphenols as a promising basis for the development of new drugs, radiomodifiers. Objective. Justification of the prospects of creating radioprotective agents based on compositions of plant polyphenolic substances (PPS) and polysaccharides. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on 130 laboratory white rats-male of Wistar line sexu-ally mature weighting 180-240 g. Animals once received a total X-ray dose equivalent to 4.25 Gy. The effects of quercetin and patulaten to the processes of reparative regeneration under conditions of X-ray irradiation and against the background of butadione suppression were investigated. Indicators in the study groups were com-pared using the Student’s t-test for independent samples; the differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results. The various biological properties of quercetin, in particular, the ability to bind hydroxyl radicals, is the potential for developing radioprotective agents based on it. At the first stage of the study, the effect of PPS and their compositions with polysaccharides on reparative regeneration was studied against the background of its sup-pression in intact and irradiated animals. With the oral administration of PPS and their compositions with pectin to white rats, 30 minutes before the administration of butadion, an increase in the processes of reparative regenera-tion in the cells of the covering epitheliumof the esophagus was observed. At the same time, quercetin granules caused the most expressive effect, which increased the statistically significant value of the mitotic index by 78.5 % in relation to the group of animals injected with butadion. At the second stage of the study, the effect of polyphe-nolic substances and their compositions with pectin on the processes of reparative regeneration in intact and irra-diated white rats was studied on a model of linear skin wounds. The prophylactic administration of quercetin gran-ules and the treatment of wounds with 20 % sterile quercetin gel significantly accelerated the healing process. Experimental data indicate that quercetin granules have the ability to stimulate the processes of reparative regen-eration, quercetin showed the greatest efficiency with simultaneous use inside and topically. Conclusions. The research results indicate the promise of developing radioprotective drugs that can stimulate reparative regeneration processes based on compositions of plant polyphenolic substances and polysaccharides in various qualitative and quantitative ratios.