Application of AI integrated semi-autonomous robotics in spine surgery: A review

Abstract

Spine surgery is a high-risk surgery associated with high precision and accuracy. Artificial intelligence (AI) and semi-autonomous robotics can benefit the surgery. This paper explores the impact of AI and robotics on improving surgical precision, accuracy, and safety with details on preoperative planning, optimal screw placement, and intraoperative real-time monitoring. In addition, the potential of AI-driven simulation spaces for training and skill assessment was evaluated. Various AI models and robotic systems have improved surgical outcomes by providing precise guidance and reducing human error. This review aims to summarize the recent developments and highlight the challenges of AI and semi-autonomous robotics in spine surgery.