Responses of “Benihoppe” strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) to La3+ treatment during propagation and rooting in vitro

Abstract

The study was aimed to assess the effects of exposure of the “Benihoppe” strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) to La3+ treatment during propagation and rooting in vitro. The results showed that propagation and rooting were inhibited by lower (0.2, 0.5 mg/L) and higher (40.0 mg/L) concentrations of La3+, respectively. Propagation and rooting were promoted by a moderate concentration (1.0, 10.0, and 15.0 mg/L) of La3+, and a concentration of 1.0 mg/L was found to be optimal. Under 1.0 mg/L of La3+ treatment, certain trends associated with changes in the lev-els of hormones and 12 nutrients, with the exception of Ca, were observed during plant growth in vitro, and a greater balance was observed in the trends associated with changes in the amounts of elements at the rooting stage, as compared to the propagation stage. Furthermore, the elements or hormones with the highest effects on the two stages of propagation were Co and K (positive), and TDZ and Fe (nega-tive), while those that affected the two stages of rooting were S and Zn (positive), and IAA and Fe (positive). Our findings suggest that the use of 1.0 mg/L of La3+ is cost-effective, and can help achieve strawberry propagation and rooting in vitro.