TLR activation and ionizing radiation induce strong immune responses against multiple tumor entities

Abstract

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 ligands act together with radiotherapy and induce profound systemic antitumor immune reactions coordinated by dendritic cells and executed by natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T cells. Combining TLR ligands and radiation improves both local and distant tumor control and has been shown to be effective against multiple tumor entities.