Evaluation of urban pollution and bio-climate using total suspended particles and discomfort index in Jakarta City

Abstract

Urban expansion has effects on urban environment problems such as air quality and human discomfort as the impact of urban heat island (UHI). This study attempted to evaluate the climatology of the Total Suspended Particles (TSP) as one of urban pollutants and Discomfort Index (DI) in Jakarta City using data from 1982 to 2014. The aims were to examine the urban pollution and its relation to bio-climate index and climate condition as this can have major implications for urban development. The result showed that the trend of monthly TSP data in Kemayoran not significantly increased, however the frequency of TSP that more than ambient air quality standard/AAQS value which was 230 ppm has been increasing since 2003. Seasonally, the occurrences of TSP more than AAQS value in dry season were higher than rainy season. The climatology of DI was showed significantly increasing, meaning that the thermal discomfort of Jakarta as well has beenincreasing. One of the factors that cause the increasing of DI was the decreasing area of urban green space which represented the existence of city trees. The relationship between TSP and DI was weaker compared to climatic parameters such as temperature, humidity, rainfall and number of dry days.