Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract

Breast cancer is a prevalent and complex disease globally, with various subtypes and treatment options. Early detection and treatment are crucial to reducing mortality rates. This article discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and genetic testing. It highlights the importance of understanding breast cancer genetics and molecular subtypes, such as Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), to develop effective treatment strategies. The article also explores the role of digital mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer diagnosis and the potential benefits of immunotherapy and targeted therapies. Overall, it emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach to breast cancer management, considering individual patient characteristics, tumor biology, and genetic profiles.