A grapevine by-product extract enriched in oligomerised stilbenes to control downy mildews: focus on its modes of action towards Plasmopara viticola

Abstract

Natural extracts, and particularly plant by-product extracts, can represent an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides to control crop diseases. We produced an extract from a mix of grapevine trunk and roots that contain a high amount of complex stilbenes (grapevine phytoalexins), especially ε-and r-viniferins. This extract conferred protection to grapevines against Plasmopara viticola (the causal agent of downy mildew) by displaying antimicrobial activities towards zoospore mobility and sporulation and by stimulating plant defences. From the perspective of its application in the field, a formulated preparation of the extract was proposed using polysorbate and sophorolipids. The formulated extract reduced the development of various oomycetes impacting grapevine, potato, tomato and melon in semi-controlled conditions. Thus, such grapevine extract constitutes a promising strategy to protect major cultivated plants against downy mildews. The co-formulants were Tween 20 (polysorbate 20, Radiasurf 7137, Oléon, Compiègne, France), Tween 80 (polysorbate 80, Radiasurf 7157, Oléon, Compiègne, France) and sophorolipids (Rewoferm SL One, Evonik, Essen, Germany).