Quality of Work Life in Improving Employee Performance in Hospitals: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Hospitals are service-based organizations that play a critical role in delivering healthcare to the community. Currently, hospitals are under increasing pressure from multiple fronts. Quality of Work Life (QWL) is one of the crucial aspects in creating a healthy and productive work environment in the healthcare sector, particularly in hospitals. Many hospital employees, both medical and non-medical staff, face high work pressure, complex administrative burdens, and a lack of adequate organizational support. Objective: This study aims to conduct a systematic review to explore the role of Quality of Work Life (QWL) in enhancing employee performance within hospital settings. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on studies published between 2020 and 2025. The search terms included: "Quality of Work Life" OR "QOWL" OR "Work Life Balance" AND "Performance". Results: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria and were deemed of sufficient quality. Conclusion: This systematic review underscores the significant role of Quality of Work Life (QWL) in improving employee performance in hospital settings through enhanced job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and psychological well-being, supported by Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory and the JD-R Model. It also highlights the need for future research with longitudinal designs, standardized QWL measures, and intervention strategies to better explore mediating variables and guide effective hospital workforce management.