Integrating CAD, BIM, immersive technology, and 3D Gaussian Splatting for construction model coordination with ISO 19650

Abstract

Traditional construction project management approaches suffer from technical isolation and process deficiencies, particularly in whole-life-cycle model coordination. This paper addresses how to develop a comprehensive management framework that optimizes model coordination through technology integration. This multi-technology integration framework combines CAD drawings, Building Information Modeling (BIM), immersive technology, and 3D Gaussian Splatting scanning while implementing ISO 19650 standards for information management. A hospital project case study was used and validated featuring complex structural and mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) coordination scenarios. This empirical study demonstrated an approximate 22%-35% reduction in pipeline dismantling rates, 40% shorter review cycles for complex nodes, and significantly improved construction quality verification accuracy. These outcomes highlight how technological synergies can overcome traditional management limitations and establish a robust foundation for future engineering projects. Future research should validate the framework across diverse project types, explore additional integrated technologies, and conduct long-term impact assessments during operation phases.