Dietary exposure assessment and risk characterization of lead based on lead contaminant research (online) in Indonesia and Indonesian Individual Food Consumption Survey (IFCS)

Abstract

An exposure assessment was performed to estimate the potential of lead dietary intake in the Indonesian population. Dietary exposure assessment requires information on lead concentration in food and food consumption data. The data of lead concentration in food was a secondary data obtained through online research from several online scientific resources with keywords "lead in food, lead contamination". Food consumption data were obtained from Indonesian Individual Food Consumption Survey. Lead dietary intakes were estimated with a deterministic approaches that used lead concentration in food and maximum level (ML) of lead in food based on Indonesia Nation Agency of Drug and Food Control (INA-DFC) regulation with the average value of food consumption. Risk characterization was conducted by comparing dietary intakes with a Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI). The results have shown that the infant group (0-59 months) had highest lead dietary intakes. Lead dietary intakes of mean concentration of lead from references are lower than lead dietary intake of INA-DFC ML of lead in all age groups. Risk characterization results showed that lead dietary intake of average level data and ML are at high risk (>100% PTWI) in all age groups. Major contributors to lead dietary intakes are fish and seafood.