Genome sequencing of an archaic reptile both answers and asks questions

Abstract

Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) are the sole surviving members of the order Rhynchocephalia and offer insight into the evolution of basal amniotes. Recent work sequencing the genome of tuatara revealed characteristics that emphasize the uniqueness of this species, many of which are linked to their thermal ecology. Genes related to their extremely low optimal body temperature and unique form of temperature-dependent sex determination were identified. Further, sequencing highlights the uniqueness of the heavily debated species of North Brother Island tuatara. These results not only inform our understanding of amniote evolution, but also serve as vital background for new and creative research.