Perilaku Self-Management Pasien Diabetes Melitus (DM)

Abstract

Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit kronik, oleh karena itu peran self-managementsangat penting dalam perawatan maupun pencegahan komplikasi akibat DM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku self- management.pasien DM dari aspek diet, medikasi, olahraga, pemantauan kadar gula darah dan perawatan kaki. Sebanyak 94 responsden diambil secara acak. Perilaku self-managementdiukur menggunakan kuesioner yang dikembangkan oleh penulis, dengan skor Alpha Chronbach 0,930 dan korelasi inter-item 0,385–0,797 dimana nilai tersebut valid dan reliabel untuk uji instrumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lebih dari setengah responsden (64,9%) melakukan lima aspek self-managementdengan baik. Hampir semua responsden (94,7%) melakukan medikasi dengan baik, lebih dari setengah responsden melakukan diet (69,1%), olahraga (61,7%) dan perawatan kaki (77,7%) dengan baik. Namun hanya 25,5% responsden yang melakukan pemantauan gula darah dengan baik. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan bagi perawat untuk memberikan penyuluhan mengenai pentingnya pemantauan pada gula darah.Kata kunci: Diabetes Melitus, perilaku, self-management AbstractDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the serious health problems in Indonesia. Since DM is a chronic disease, patients’ role (self-management) is very important either for treatment or DM-related complications prevention. This study was purposed to determine the level of patients’ diabetes self-management behavior, including diet, medication, exercise, blood glucose monitoring and foot care. Ninety-four responsdents were recruited randomly by gave the informed consent to diabetes patients. The questionnaire was developed by the researcher, with Chronbach Alpha 0,930 and inter-item correlation 0,385 to 0,797, which mean the instrument was valid and reliable. The results showed that in five aspects, more than half of responsdents (64,9%) reported that they performed good self-management. Almost all responsdents (94,7%) reported good medication, more than half of responsdents did well in diet, exercise (61.7%) and foot care (77.7%). However, only 25.5% responsdents who performed monitoring blood glucose levels properly. It called be good level when it fill the score criteria of the answer.Therefore, it was recommended for nurses and the hospital to develop any program to improve patients’ diabetes self-management behaviors, especially in the monitoring blood glucose.Key words: Behavior, diabetes mellitus, self-management