Relationship, importance, and development of analytical techniques: COD, BOD, and, TOC in water—An overview through time

Abstract

Analytical techniques to measure organic matter in water, such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) are widely used. Modifications have been proposed to make them faster, more sensitive, and more environmentally friendly. The purpose of producing a review over some time is to show the changes made on the standardized methods of each of these techniques, and to highlight the relationship between them in the process of ascertaining organic matter in water. Modifications to techniques COD and BOD entail several factors that need to be considered, namely: time, miniaturization, sensitivity, use of environmentally friendly reagents. Changes to TOC are focused on detection systems. Despite the advantages obtained by the modified techniques, traditional methods continue to be widely used, in most cases due to the lack of standardization of the new methods. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]