Spatial Monitoring of Urban Development Direction using Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS in Balikpapan City, Indonesia

Abstract

The development of urban areas in the city of Balikpapan increases over time and is characterized by increasing population. The growth and development of urban areas needs to be monitored so that the control function on area spatial can be implemented. This research aims to determine the direction of urban areas and measure the density of the built-up as a leading indicator of the development of urban areas in Balikpapan. The method used in this study is the multispasio-temporal analysis of remote sensing data of Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS which contain a combination of spectral transformation, classification supervised Maximum Likelihood, accuracy assessment and statistical analysis. The results showed the trend of urban development from 2001 to 2019 towards east and northeast with the highest built-up density located in the sub-district of Balikpapan Tengah by 82.07% and followed by the sub-district of Balikpapan Kota by 76.94%. The largest land conversion took place on the bare soil with low vegetation density class to be vegetation with the converted area of 7095.91 ha or approximately 14.10% followed by the bare soil with low vegetation density class to be built-up with the converted area of 5826.86 ha or about 11.58% of the total area of Balikpapan city during the period from 2001 to 2019. The accuracy of urban development map in 2001 reaches 92.39 % and the year 2019 reaches 95.69 %, while the accuracy of land cover map in 2001 reaches 85.57% and the year 2019 reaches 87.28 %.