Study on Physical, Chemical and Thermal Properties of Bamboo Fiber Mat/Nano Silica Reinforced Epoxy/Palm Oil Bio Composites

Abstract

Objectives: This study investigates the interface interactions, thermal properties, and chemical bonding of bamboo fiber mat layers with epoxy resin and nano-silica concentrations with palm oil-based bio-resins. Methods: Thirteen composite compositions (C1 to C13) were fabricated, by varying the bamboo fiber mat layers (0, 2, 3, and 4) and nano-silica content (0, 3, 5, and 7 Wt%). Findings: Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed highly correlated spectra across all samples. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) of Sample C9 (3-layered bamboo fiber mat & 5 wt% nano-silica) demonstrated superior thermal stability, exhibiting 67% less weight loss compared to other compositions. The study also examined density and biodegradability characteristics of the biocomposites. Biodegradability tests on two-layer mat composites showed improved performance relative to other layer configurations. Novelty: Results indicate that combining natural bamboo fibers with nano silica particles and a palm oil-based epoxy matrix yields a composite material with enhanced physical, chemical, and thermal properties. This green and sustainable approach improves material performance and reduces environmental impact compared to conventional petroleum-based resins, offering a promising alternative for various applications. Keywords: Biocomposites, Palm oil, Bamboo fiber mat, Nano silica, TGA, FTIR