Cardiovascular risk profile according to World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use of women using hormonal contraception in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Abstract

Objective: Hormonal contraception, especially combined oral contraceptives, is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk. Thus, we aimed to analyze the use of hormonal contraceptive methods in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), with a focus on determining whether contraceptive use follows the cardiovascular profile of women according to the World Health Organization Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (MEC). Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study based on a self-completed online survey about information concerning socioeconomic status, cardiovascular profile, and hormonal contraceptive use. A total of 501 responses were evaluated. Results: Combined oral contraceptive was the choice of 58.97% of participants. Our data show that 88.27% of participants presented at least one cardiovascular risk factor, with sedentary lifestyle, overweight, and obesity being the most prevalent. Regarding cardiovascular risk factors considered in MEC, 81.60% of participants use the appropriate contraceptive for their health. Most women reported using the contraceptive with a prescription, including 83.33% of participants in categories 3 and 4, which represent contraindications for hormonal contraceptive use according to MEC. Conclusion: Although most women living in Rio de Janeiro use an appropriate hormonal contraceptive, clinical management and cardiovascular risk assessment must be improved to protect women's health and ensure an evidence-based family planning strategy.