A CRISPR/Cas9-based enhancement of high-throughput single-cell transcriptomics

Abstract

Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNAseq) struggles to capture the cellular heterogeneity of transcripts within individual cells due to the prevalence of highly abundant and ubiquitous transcripts, which can obscure the detection of biologically distinct transcripts expressed up to several orders of magnitude lower levels. To address this challenge, here we introduce single-cell CRISPRclean (scCLEAN), a molecular method that globally recomposes scRNAseq libraries, providing a benefit that cannot be recapitulated with deeper sequencing. scCLEAN utilizes the programmability of CRISPR/Cas9 to target and remove less than 1% of the transcriptome while redistributing approximately half of reads, shifting the focus toward less abundant transcripts. We experimentally apply scCLEAN to both heterogeneous immune cells and homogenous vascular smooth muscle cells to demonstrate its ability to uncover biological signatures in different biological contexts. We further emphasize scCLEAN’s versatility by applying it to a third-generation sequencing method, single-cell MAS-Seq, to increase transcript-level detection and discovery. Here we show the possible utility of scCLEAN across a wide array of human tissues and cell types, indicating which contexts this technology proves beneficial and those in which its application is not advisable.