Investigating oral health among US adults with sleep disorder: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep disorders and oral health outcomes among a representative sample of the United States population. Methods: The study sample comprised 6,161 participants who participated in the NHANES 2017–2018, representing a population of 255,939,599. Oral health outcomes were assessed using the Oral Health Questionnaire (OHQ), covering dental pain, periodontal disease, bone loss, emotional perceptions of oral health, and impact on daily life. Sleep disorders were evaluated using questions related to sleep trouble and daytime sleepiness. Results: Analysis of the NHANES 2017–2018 dataset, revealed notable associations between sleep disorders and oral health outcomes. Individuals with sleep disorders were more likely to report dental pain (19.79% vs. 11.8%), periodontal issues (19.5% vs. 12.25%), and feeling bad or embarrassed about their oral health (21% vs. 12%), compared to those without sleep disorders. Difficulty due to oral health issues was also more prevalent among participants with sleep disorders (32.6% vs. 12.9%). Adjusted models demonstrated that individuals with sleep disorders had a significantly higher likelihood of experiencing oral aches [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.58 (1.22–2.22)], reporting negative emotions about oral health [aOR = 1.59 (1.06–2.37)], and encountering challenges in school or job performance [aOR = 2.27 (1.47–3.51)], compared to individuals without sleep disorders (refer to Table 3). Other significant covariates affecting oral health outcomes included smoking, income, and education level. Conclusions: This study reveals a compelling association between sleep disorders and adverse oral health outcomes in the U.S. population.