Evaluation of intravitreal bevacizumab as monotherapy and in combination with macular grid laser photocoagulation in diffuse diabetic macular edema

Abstract

Background and objective: The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) as monotherapy versus combination with modified macular grid (MMG) laser photocoagulation in the primary treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema (DDME). Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized trial was carried out in sixty eyes with DDME after Institutional Ethical clearance. Group A received three doses of IVB at a 1-month interval. Group B received MMG in addition to IVB. Complete examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (Snellen's), central macular thickness (CMT) using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography was carried out at 0, 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. Results: mean CMT at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks in Group A was 401 (±76), 280 (±49), and 307 (±46) and in Group B, 405 (±73), 237 (±33), and 242 (±45), respectively. Group B had significantly greater reductions (P < 0.001) from 12 weeks onward. BCVA and contrast sensitivity showed improvements with no significant difference. Conclusion: Combined therapy has more advantage in primary DDME by reducing CMT on longer follow-up.