Contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is defined as the impairment of renal function and is measured as either a 25% increase in serum creatinine (SCr) from baseline or 0.5 mg/dL increase in absolute value, within 48-72 hours of intravenous contrast administration. Objectives: Objectives were to calculate incidence of CIN and to describe the clinical and periprocedural risk factors for patients receiving contrast media. Secondary objective was to compare mortality between group 1 and group 2. Material and methods: In a retrospective, observational, descriptive cohort study, patients who were admitted to the hospital for diagnostic and/or therapeutic coronary angiography between January 2014 to September 2015, the serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) prior to angiography and 72 hours later was measured. Results: 70 patients were included, of which 14.2% developed CIN. The leading risk factors for developing AKI were: age > 65 years (OR 12.6, CI95 1.6-105.9, p = 0.03); the presence of anemia (OR 7.5, CI95 1.8-31.2, p = 0.006); and procedural time more than 90 minutes (OR 16, CI95 3.1-85.3, p = 0.001). Higher mortality was observed in the NIC group (30% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.004). Conclusions: The incidence is higher than in the literature review. The leading associated risk factors were age > 65, anemia and procedural time > 90 minutes. The development of CIN carries a higher mortality.