Application of a second-generation US contrast agent in infants and children - A European questionnaire-based survey

Abstract

Background: No US contrast agent (US-CA) is currently licensed for use in children. Objective: To survey the off-label use in children of a second-generation US-CA. Materials and methods: Questionnaires were e-mailed to European paediatric radiologists, who were asked about their experience with the second-generation US-CA Sonovue® (Bracco, Milan, Italy). Number of examinations per indication and adverse effects were recorded. Examinations were categorised by intravenous or intracavitary use of US-CA. Results: Out of 146 respondents, 88 stated that they did not perform contrast-enhanced US in children, but 36 of these (44%) would appreciate paediatric approval. Fortyfive centres reported 5,079 examinations in children (age mean: 2.9 years; range: birth-18 years, M/F: 1/ 2.8). The majority (4,131 [81%] in 29 centres) were intravesical applications. The minority (948 [19%] in 30 centres) were intravenous applications. No adverse effects had been recorded from intravesical use. Six minor adverse effects (skin reaction, unusual taste, hyperventilation) had been recorded after five intravenous studies (0.52%). Conclusion: Responses suggest a favourable safety profile of this second-generation US-CA in children. It also demonstrates a demand for such US-CA from paediatric radiologists. © Springer-Verlag 2012.