High aldehyde dehydrogenase activity at diagnosis predicts relapse in patients with t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) is a heterogeneous disease. Although the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD), which is indicated by RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript levels, plays a key role in directing treatment, risk stratification needs to be improved, and other markers need to be assessed. A total of 66 t(8;21) AML patients were tested for aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity by flow cytometry at diagnosis, and 52 patients were followed up for a median of 20 (1-34) months. The median percentage of CD34+ALDH+, CD34+CD38-ALDH+, and CD34+CD38+ALDH+ cells among nucleated cells were 0.028%, 0.012%, and 0.0070%, respectively. The CD34+ALDH+-H, CD34+CD38-ALDH+-H, and CD34+CD38+ALDH+-H statuses (the percentage of cells that were higher than the individual cutoffs) were all significantly associated with a lower 2-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate in both the whole cohort and adult patients (P =.015,.016, and.049; P =.014,.018, and.032). Patients with < 3-log reduction in the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript level after the second consolidation therapy (defined as MRD-H) had a significantly lower 2-year RFS rate than patients with ≥ 3-log reduction (MRD-L) (P =.017). The CD34+ALDH+ status at diagnosis was then combined with the MRD status. CD34+ALDH+-L/MRD-H patients had similar 2-year RFS rates to both CD34+ALDH+-L/MRD-L and CD34+ALDH+-H/MRD-L patients (P =.50 and 1.0); and CD34+ALDH+-H/MRD-H patients had significantly lower 2-year RFS rate compared with CD34+ALDH+-L and/or MRD-L patients (P