Screening, Prevention and Risk Factors of Stroke in Adult Patients

Abstract

Stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident, is a medical emergency characterized by an immediate disruption of cerebral perfusion or vasculature. Strokes are divided into two categories: ischemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke. Strokes can be caused by a variety of factors, including high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, and emboli generated in the heart as a consequence of atrial fibrillation or rheumatic heart disease. Stroke is linked to a number of risk factors, that are categorized into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. In order to reduce stroke-related morbidity and mortality, prevention is critical. It is believed that 50% of strokes can be avoided by controlling modifiable risk factors and making lifestyle modifications. The purpose of this research is to review the available information regarding screening, risk factors and prevention of stroke. Hypertension, smoking, obesity, diet, lack of physical activity, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, mental distress, heart disease, and lipid disorders account for 90% of strokes, depending on the number of risk factors included. Medical interventions that have been demonstrated in numerous randomized trials can significantly lower the risk of stroke. Observational research clearly suggests that healthy eating habits, quitting smoking and abstaining from excessive alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, and maintaining a normal body weight are all helpful for stroke prevention. In order to facilitate services for preventative stroke treatments and acute stroke care, community awareness of stroke risk factors and symptoms must be improved. Education, awareness as well as screening for risk factors of stroke among public is need of time.