Value of Red Blood Cell derived Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Biomarker for Thalassemia: Review article

Abstract

Background: Hereditary hemolytic anaemia is a broad range of anemias characterised by a reduced ability of red blood cells to survive as a result of genetic haemoglobin, enzyme, or membrane abnormalities. Red blood cells that have been affected are more fragile, less deformable, exhibit greater vesiculation, and are more vulnerable to oxidative stress and shear stress. Extracellular vesicles contain a variety of bioactive substances that have been associated with cellular activation, intercellular communication, and a number of biological and pathological processes. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate value of red blood cell derived extracellular vesicles as novel biomarker for thalassemia. Methods: The study was conducted in Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. Conclusion: Bioactive chemicals are selectively sorted into microvesicles during the carefully regulated process of red blood cell microvesiculation. Hereditary hemolytic anaemia has a variety of molecular abnormalities that may have an impact on red blood cell vesiculation. Regarding hereditary hemoglobinopathies such as thalassemias, unstable haemoglobin causes membrane proteins and lipids to oxidise, haemoglobin to deposit on the membrane, and alterations to the intracellular viscosity, all of which lead to RBCs that are difficult to deform.