Extraction and Characterization of β-Glucan from Kombucha Bacterial Cellulose and Concentrated Kombucha: Evaluating their Bile Acid Binding Capacity

Abstract

β-glucan is a water-soluble polysaccharide present in natural products and has many health benefits such as its role as a dietary fiber. This study aimed to extract and characterize β-glucan in kombucha bacterial cellulose (KBC) powder and concentrated kombucha. The extraction method used was ultrasound sonication combined with enzymatic treatment. The results showed that the content of β-glucan was 19.70% (w/w) in KBC extract and 8.34% (w/v) in concentrated kombucha extract, determined using β-glucan assay kit (Mixed linkage). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of β-glucan with β-(1→3) and β-(1→4) glucan linkages, as well as the presence of proteins, mannans, and other components in both KBC β-glucan and concentrated kombucha β-glucan extracts. Regarding bile acid binding potential, concentrated kombucha β-glucan exhibited a high bile acid binding capacity for up to 24 hours, while KBC β-glucan only retained this capacity for up to 4 hours. Altogether, these findings highlight the presence and properties of β-glucan in kombucha, suggesting its potential as a functional ingredient with health benefits.