Antimicrobial Activity of Camel’s Urine and Its Effect on Multidrug Resistant Clinical Bacterial and Fungal Isolates

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this work is to study the In vitro antimicrobial effect of camel's urine on a variety of multi-drug resistant bacterial and fungal isolates. Methodology: Agar dilution method was used to determine the effect of different concentrations of camel's urine (10%, 7.5%, 5% and 2.5%) on 50 clinical bacterial isolates including: 10 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 10 multi-drug resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS), 10 multi-drug resistant Enterococcus spp., 10 extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Gram-negative bacilli and 10 carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli. In addition, the antifungal effect of camel's urine on four Candida albicans and one candida non albicans was also assessed. Results: All used concentrations of camel's urine produced complete inhibition of the growth of the four Candida albicans, Candida non albicans and the 10 CoNS isolates. The growth of MRSA, Enterococcus spp., ESBL-producing and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli was completely inhibited by camel's urine at concentrations 10%, 7.5% and 5%. However, these Original Research Article Mostafa and Dwedar; BJPR, 13(4): 1-6, 2016; Article no.BJPR.29342 2 bacterial isolates showed significant growth at 2.5% camel's urine concentration. Conclusion: The present study provides clear evidence that camel's urine has a strong antifungal and antibacterial effect against multi-drug resistant bacteria.