Dark matter direct detection with quantum dots

Abstract

We propose using quantum dots as novel targets to probe sub-GeV dark matter-electron interactions. Quantum dots are nanocrystals of semiconducting material, which are commercially available, with gram-scale quantities suspended in liter-scale volumes of solvent. Quantum dots can be efficient scintillators, with near unity single-photon quantum yields, and their band-edge electronic properties are determined by their characteristic size, which can be precisely tuned. Examples include lead sulfide and lead selenide quantum dots, which can be tuned to have sub-eV optical gaps. A dark-matter interaction can generate one or more electron-hole pairs (excitons), with the multiexciton state decaying via the emission of two photons with an efficiency of about 10% of the single-photon quantum yield. An experimental setup using commercially available quantum dots and two photomultiplier-tubes for detecting the coincident two-photon signal can already improve on existing dark-matter bounds, while using photodetectors with lower dark-count rates can improve on current constraints by orders of magnitude.