Statin use and 30-day mortality in patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism

Abstract

Background: Statins possess antithrombotic and profibrinolytic properties. The association between statin use and short-term outcomes in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) remains unknown. Methods: We used the data from the Registro Informatizado de Pacientes con Enfermedad TromboEmbólica registry to compare the 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with acute PE according to the use of statins. Secondary outcome was fatal PE. We used cancer-related mortality as a falsification endpoint. Results: From January 2009 to April 2021, 31 169 patients with PE were recruited. Of these, 5520 (18%) were using statins at baseline: low intensity: 829, moderate: 3636, high intensity: 1055. Statin users were older and had a higher frequency of diabetes, hypertension, or atherosclerotic disease than non-users (P <0.001 for all comparisons). During the first 30 days, 1475 patients died (fatal PE, 255). On multivariable analysis, statin users had a lower risk of all-cause death (odds ratio [OR]: 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56–0.76) and fatal PE (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.28–0.62) than non-users. The risk for death was lower in patients using either low- (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.34–0.77), moderate- (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.57–0.81), or high-intensity statins (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.51–0.92). Results did not change in mixed effects logistic regression models with hospitals as a random effect. Statins were not associated with a significant chance in cancer mortality (falsification endpoint). Conclusions: PE patients using statins at baseline had a significantly lower risk of dying within the first 30 days than non-users. Randomized trials are needed to confirm these data.