Epidemiological analysis of syphilis trends, disparities, and public health implications in the United States, 2018–2022

Abstract

Syphilis has experienced a marked resurgence in the United States since 2018, with incidence rates reaching levels not observed since the pre-antibiotic era. Despite growing awareness among healthcare professionals and public health authorities, a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of the populations most affected during this period remains limited. This study examines the rise in syphilis cases from 2018 to 2022 using surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We evaluate trends across key demographic variables including race, sexual behavior, geographic distribution, substance use, and sex of sexual partner. Additionally, we assess the role of socioeconomic determinants that may impede access to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. By identifying disproportionately affected populations, this research aims to inform targeted public health interventions and guide evidence-based policy responses to mitigate the ongoing syphilis epidemic.