Comprehensive Nursing Care in Coronary Heart Disease: Biochemical Markers, Strategies, Challenges, and Evidence-Based Approaches for Effective Patient Management and Outcomes.

Abstract

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, posing significant challenges for patient care across diverse populations. Nurses play a critical role in the prevention, management, and rehabilitation of patients with CHD, contributing to improved clinical outcomes and quality of life. This review explores evidence-based approaches and strategies for effective nursing care in CHD management, emphasizing the unique considerations for pediatric and elderly patients. Aim: The aim of this review is to critically examine the role of nurses in managing CHD, focusing on the prevention of risk factors, patient education, and care strategies across the lifespan, with particular attention to the pediatric and elderly populations. Methods: This review synthesizes findings from current literature on the role of nursing care in CHD management, including the impact of interventions aimed at change in behavioral, mental health support, and clinical outcomes. A particular focus is given to nursing interventions in the management of obesity, cardiovascular risk factors, and the distinctive challenges faced by pediatric and elderly populations with CHD. Results: Evidence shows that nursing interventions, including patient education, lifestyle modification support, and continuity of care, significantly improve self-care capacity, disease knowledge, and self-efficacy in patients with CHD. For pediatric and elderly populations, tailored care strategies are essential due to their unique physiological and psychological needs. In pediatric cases, nurses play a crucial role in early detection and family support, while in elderly patients, comprehensive care addressing polypharmacy, cognitive decline, and comorbidities is vital. Additionally, nurses have been shown to contribute to improved clinical parameters such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and physical activity adherence, along with better mental health outcomes. Conclusion: Nurses are central to the management and treatment of CHD, with evidence supporting the positive impact of their interventions on patient outcomes. Effective nursing care, particularly in the pediatric and elderly populations, requires a tailored, patient-centered approach that considers age-specific needs, comorbidities, and psychosocial factors. Continued research into nursing strategies and interventions is essential for optimizing care and improving long-term outcomes for patients with CHD.