Histopathology Review of Idiopathic Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome and Outcome in Children in North-West of Iran

Abstract

Introduction: There is currently little information in the literature on the spectrum of histopathologic patterns in children presenting with idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (iSRNS) in Iran. We conducted to compare the histopathologic distribution of different subtypes' glomerular morphologic patterns in iSRNS and the clinical and biochemical parameters at the time of diagnosis and outcome of patients after immunosuppressive therapy. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was done in two hundred children, aged 1 -15 years, who were diagnosed for iSRNS and no response to 4 weeks of standard prednisone therapy (60 mg/m 2 /day) referred to nephropathology Department of Emam Reza hospital between 2005 and 2013. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and histopathological data were retrieved from files and original renal biopsy reports. We discussed histopathologic diagnosis and out-come of iSRNS after initial therapy in patients separately. This study investigated prognostic effects of histopathologic pattern on outcome of iSRNS. Results: The study included 200 children with iSRNS: 141 (70.5%) were males and 59 (29.5%) females, with male-to-female ratio of 2.4:1. The mean age was 7.23 ± 4.37 years (range: 1 -15 years). Upon pathologic investigation of iSRNS cases, focal segmental glomerulos-clerosis (NOS subtype) was the first, with a highest prevalence at a rate of 102/200 (51%) and MGN was the last, at a rate of 7/200 (3.5%). Children with iSRNS second-ary to MCD are more likely to achieve remission and have better long term prognos-tic value (P < 0.00). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (Tip and Collapse subtypes) is more likely to have worse outcome in response to immunosuppressive therapy (P < 0.04). Conclusions: This study defines the true spectrum of clinicohis-topathology patterns underlying iSRNS in children in Northwest of Iran. Also this study shows that the response to cyclosporine can be correlated with the underlying histopathology patterns which have been earned by adequate renal biopsy.