Fabrication of highly uniform nanoprobe via the automated process for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

In a tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) system, using a sharp nanotip that comprises a noble metal is critical to attaining high spatial resolution and highly enhanced Raman scattering. A strongly acidic solution is typically used to fabricate gold nanotips in a quick and reliable manner. However, using an acidic solution could corrode the etching system, thereby posing hazardous problems. Therefore, both the corrosion of the etching system and human error induced by the conventional method considerably decrease the quality and reproducibility of the tip. In this study, we significantly increased the reproducibility of tip fabrication by automating the electrochemical etching system. In addition, we optimized the etching conditions for an etchant that comprised a KCl solution to which ethanol was added to overcome the limitations of the acidic etchant. The automated etching system significantly increases the yield rate of tip-fabrication reproducibility from 65 to 95%. The standard deviation of the radius of curvature decreased to 7.3 nm with an average radius of curvature of 30 nm. Accordingly, the automated electrochemical etching system might improve the efficiency of TERS.