The effect of FES-rowing training on cardiac structure and function: Pilot studies in people with spinal cord injury

Abstract

Study design: Two studies were conducted: Study-1 was cross-sectional; and Study-2 a longitudinal repeated measures design. Objectives: To examine the influence of functional electrical stimulation (FES) rowing training on cardiac structure and function in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: A university sports science department and home-based FES-training. Methods: Fourteen participants with C4-T10 SCI (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A or B) were recruited for the studies. Cardiac structure and function, and peak: oxygen uptake ([Vdot ]O 2peak), power output (PO peak) and heart rate (HR peak), were compared between two FES-untrained groups (male n=3, female n=3) and an FES-trained group (male n=3) in Study-1 and longitudinally assessed in an FES-naive group (male n=1, female n=4) in Study-2. Main outcome measures left ventricular - dimensions, volumes, mass, diastolic and systolic function, and [Vdot ]O 2peak, PO peak and HR peak. In Study-2, in addition to peak values, the [Vdot ]O 2 sustainable over 30 min and the related PO and HR were also assessed. Results: Sedentary participants with chronic SCI had cardiac structure and function at the lower limits of non-SCI normal ranges. Individuals with chronic SCI who habitually FES-row have cardiac structure and function that more closely resemble non-SCI populations. A programme of FES-rowing training improved cardiac structure and function in previously FES-naive people. Conclusion: FES-rowing training appears to be an effective stimulus for positive cardiac remodelling in people with SCI. Further work, with greater participant numbers, should investigate the impact of FES-rowing training on cardiac health in SCI.Sponsorship:We thank the INSPIRE Foundation, UK, for funding these studies.